#PAGEMAKER 7.0 NOTES IN HINDI PDF SERIAL#

п‚® Gateway: a network device that connects two different systems, using direct and systematic translation between protocols. п‚® B-router or Bridge/Router: a single device that combines both the functions of bridge and router. п‚® Router: a communication computer that connects different types of networks using different protocols. LANs and WANs can be interconnected via T1 or T3 digital leased lines -According to the protocols involved, networks interconnection is achieved using one or several of the following devices: п‚®Bridge: a computer or device that links two similar LANs based on the same protocol. Networks of low capacity may be connected together via a backbone network which is a network of high capacity such as a FDDI network, a WAN network etc. Ethernet LANs: based on a bus topology and broadcast communication Token ring LANs: based on ring topology FDDI LANs: use optical fibbers and an improved token ring mechanism based on two rings flowing in opposite directions. Examples of LAN technology: Ethernet, Token Ring, and Fibber Distributed Data Interconnect (FDDI). Based on packet switching technology -Examples of WAN technology: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) LANs -Cover buildings or a set of closely related buildings. WANs -Cover cities, countries, and continents. There are two principle kinds of networks: Wide Area Networks (WANs) and Local Area Networks (LANs). The header contains the addresses of the source and destination computers and sequencing information necessary to reassemble the message at the destination.

Each packet has a maximum size, and consists of a header and a data area. At the destination, data are extracted from one or more packets and used to reconstruct the original message. Messages are broken into units called packets, and sent from one computer to the other. In modern networks, data are transferred using packet switching. There are some port numbers which are dedicated for specific applications.

#PAGEMAKER 7.0 NOTES IN HINDI PDF SERIAL#

The number of ports is not functionally limited, in contrast to serial communications where only 4 ports are allowed. A port is identified by a number, the port number. An IP port will identify a specific application running on an Internet host machine. Ports -An IP address identifies a host machine on the Internet. DNS servers are responsible for translating mnemonic textual Internet 3 addresses into hard numeric Internet addresses. Criteria considered: п‚® Geographical area (country) п‚® Organization, enterprise п‚® Department п‚® Host Domain Name System (DNS) -Mnemonic textual addresses are provided to facilitate the manipulation of internet addresses.

InterNIC Register: organization in charge of the allocation of the address ranges corresponding to networks. Internet address Consists of 4 bytes separated by periods Example: 136.102.233.49 -The R first bytes (R= 1,2,3) correspond to the network address -The remaining H bytes (H = 3,2,1) are used for the host machine.

Example: corresponding to the above numeric address. Example: 204.160.241.98 -Some networks also provide names that humans can more easily remember than numbers. Addresses are numeric quantities that are easy for computers to work with, but not for humans to remember. Each of the devices on the network can be thought of as a node each node has a unique address. A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices connected in some ways so as to be able to exchange data. Introduction Protocols Protocol Layers Network Interconnection/Internet

Pagemaker 7.0 notes in hindi pdf